Laga bilaabo gaashaanka elektromagnetic-ka ilaa aan birlab ahayn: Sidee ayuu saldhigga granite-ku u ilaaliyaa jawiga cabbirka ee dareemayaasha saxnaanta sare leh?

Meelaha casriga ah sida soo saarista jajabyada semiconductor-ka iyo kormeerka indhaha ee saxda ah, dareemayaasha saxnaanta sare leh ayaa ah aaladaha ugu muhiimsan ee lagu helo xogta muhiimka ah. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, deegaannada elektromagnetic-ka ee adag iyo xaaladaha jireed ee aan degganayn badanaa waxay keenaan xog cabbir oo aan sax ahayn. Saldhigga granite-ka, oo leh sifooyinkiisa aan magneed ahayn, oo gaashaan ah iyo xasillooni jireed oo aad u fiican, wuxuu dhisaa jawi cabbir oo lagu kalsoonaan karo oo loogu talagalay dareemaha.

Dabeecadda aan birlabku lahayn waxay ka goysaa isha faragelinta
Dareemayaasha saxnaanta sare leh sida dareemayaasha barakaca soo-jiidashada iyo miisaanka miisaanka birlabta ayaa aad ugu nugul isbeddellada goobta birlabta. Birlabta ku jirta saldhigyada birta dhaqameed (sida birta iyo aluminiumka dahaarka) waxay abuuri kartaa goob birlabeed oo faragelin ku ah dareemayaasha. Marka dareemuhu shaqeynayo, faragelinta dibadda ee goobta birlabta ayaa la falgasha goobta birlabta gudaha, taasoo si fudud u sababi karta leexashada xogta cabbirka.

Granite, oo ah dhagax dabiici ah oo igneous ah, waxay ka kooban tahay macdano sida quartz, feldspar iyo mica. Qaab-dhismeedkeeda gudaha ayaa go'aaminaya inaysan lahayn birlab haba yaraatee. Ku rakib dareemaha saldhigga granite-ka si aad uga takhalusto faragelinta birlabka ee saldhigga xididka. Qalabka saxda ah sida mikroskoobyada elektarooniga ah iyo resonance magnetic nukliyeer, saldhigga granite-ka wuxuu hubiyaa in dareemuhu si sax ah u qabto isbeddellada qarsoon ee shayga bartilmaameedka ah, isagoo ka fogaanaya khaladaadka cabbirka ee ay keento faragelinta birlabka.
Astaamaha qaab-dhismeedka waxaa isku xira gaashaanka elektaroonigga ah
In kasta oo granite uusan lahayn awood difaac gudbiye sida biraha, haddana qaab-dhismeedkiisa jireed ee gaarka ah ayaa sidoo kale wiiqi kara faragelinta elektromagnetic-ka. Granite waa mid adag qaab-dhismeed ahaan iyo qaab-dhismeed ahaan cufan. Habaynta isku dhafan ee kiristaalo macdaneed waxay samaysaa caqabad jireed. Marka hirarka elektromagnetic-ka ee dibadda ay ku faafaan saldhigga, qayb ka mid ah tamarta waxaa nuuga kiristaalka waxaana loo beddelaa tamar kulayl, qaybna way ka muuqataa oo ku kala firirsan tahay dusha sare ee kiristaalka, taasoo yaraynaysa xoogga hirarka elektromagnetic-ka ee gaaraya dareemaha.

Adeegsiga wax ku oolka ah, saldhigyada granite-ka waxaa badanaa lagu daraa shabaqyada gaashaanka birta si loo sameeyo qaab-dhismeedyo isku dhafan. Shabaqyada birta ah waxay xannibaan hirarka elektaroonigga ah ee soo noqnoqda sare leh, granite-kuna wuxuu sii daciifiyaa faragelinta harsan isagoo bixinaya taageero deggan. Aqoon-is-weydaarsiyada warshadaha oo ay ka buuxaan beddelayaasha soo noqnoqda iyo matoorada, isku-darkaani wuxuu awood u siinayaa dareemayaasha inay si deggan u shaqeeyaan xitaa jawi koronto oo xooggan.
Xasilinta sifooyinka jireed oo kor u qaad isku halaynta cabbirka
Isugeynta ballaarinta kulaylka ee granite-ka aad bay u hooseysaa (kaliya (4-8) ×10⁻⁶/℃), cabbirkeeduna aad buu u yar yahay marka heerkulku isbedbeddelo, taasoo hubinaysa xasilloonida booska rakibaadda dareemayaasha. Waxqabadkeeda qoyaanka ee aadka u fiican wuxuu si dhakhso ah u nuugi karaa gariirka deegaanka wuxuuna yareyn karaa saameynta khalkhalka farsamada ee cabbiraadaha. Cabbiraadda iftiinka ee saxda ah, saldhigga granite-ka wuxuu ka hortagi karaa hagaajinta wadada indhaha ee ay keento isbeddelka kulaylka iyo gariirka, isagoo hubinaya saxnaanta iyo ku celcelinta xogta cabbirka.

Xaaladda ogaanshaha dhumucda wafer-ka semiconductor-ka, ka dib markii shirkad gaar ah ay qaadatay saldhigga granite-ka, qaladka cabbiraadda ayaa hoos uga dhacay ±5μm una gudbay gudaha ±1μm. Kormeerka qaab-dhismeedka iyo dulqaadka booska ee qaybaha hawada sare, nidaamka cabbiraadda ee isticmaalaya saldhigga granite-ka wuxuu hagaajiyay ku celcelinta xogta in ka badan 30%. Kiisaskan waxay si buuxda u muujinayaan in saldhigga granite-ku uu si weyn u wanaajiyo isku halaynta cabbirka dareemayaasha saxnaanta sare leh iyadoo la tirtirayo faragelinta elektromagnetic-ka iyo xasilinta deegaanka jireed, taasoo ka dhigaysa qayb muhiim ah oo lama huraan ah oo ku jirta goobta cabbirka saxda ah ee casriga ah.