Agabka dhoobada ayaa si isa soo taraysa u noqonaya qayb muhiim ah oo ka mid ah wax soo saarka heerka sare ah ee caalamiga ah. Iyada oo ay ugu wacan tahay adkaantooda sare, iska caabbinta heerkulka sare, iyo iska caabbinta daxalka, dhoobada horumarsan sida alumina, silicon carbide, iyo aluminium nitride ayaa si weyn loogu isticmaalaa hawada sare, baakadaha semiconductor-ka, iyo codsiyada biomedical-ka. Si kastaba ha ahaatee, sababtoo ah jajabnaanta ku jirta iyo adkaanta jab yar ee agabkan, farsamayntooda saxda ah had iyo jeer waxaa loo arkaa caqabad adag. Sannadihii ugu dambeeyay, iyadoo la adeegsanayo qalabka jarista cusub, hababka isku dhafan, iyo teknoolojiyada kormeerka caqliga leh, caqabadaha mashiinka dhoobada ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah looga gudbayaa.
Dhibaato: Adkaanta Sare iyo Jabnaanta ayaa isku wada jira
Si ka duwan biraha, dhoobada ayaa aad ugu nugul dildilaaca iyo jajabka inta lagu jiro farsamaynta. Tusaale ahaan, carbide-ka silicon waa mid aad u adag, qalabka jarista dhaqameedna badanaa si dhakhso ah ayay u duugoobaan, taasoo keenta cimri dherer dhan hal-tobnaad oo keliya mashiinka birta. Saamaynta kulaylku sidoo kale waa khatar weyn. Kordhinta heerkulka maxalliga ah inta lagu jiro farsamaynta waxay horseedi kartaa isbeddello marxaladeed iyo cadaadis haray, taasoo keenta dhaawac dusha sare ah oo wax u dhimi kara kalsoonida badeecada ugu dambeysa. Substrates-ka semiconductor-ka, xitaa dhaawaca cabbirka nanometer-ka ayaa hoos u dhigi kara kala-baxa kulaylka chip-ka iyo waxqabadka korontada.
Horumar Farsamo: Qalabka Jaritaanka ee aadka u adag iyo Geedi socodka Isku-dhafka ah
Si looga gudbo caqabadahan mashiinka, warshaduhu waxay si joogto ah u soo bandhigayaan qalab cusub oo jarista iyo xalalka hagaajinta habka. Qalabka jarista ee dheemanka Polycrystalline (PCD) iyo nitride cubic boron (CBN) ayaa si tartiib tartiib ah u beddelay qalabkii jarista carbide-ka dhaqameed, taasoo si weyn u hagaajinaysa iska caabbinta xirashada iyo xasilloonida mashiinka. Intaa waxaa dheer, adeegsiga tignoolajiyada jarista gariirka ee ultrasonic-ka iyo tignoolajiyada mashiinka ductile-domain waxay suurtagelisay jarista "sida balaastikada" ee walxaha dhoobada ah, oo hore looga saaray oo keliya jabka jilicsan, taasoo yareysa dillaaca iyo dhaawaca geeska.
Marka laga hadlayo daaweynta dusha sare, teknoolojiyada cusub sida nadiifinta farsamada kiimikada (CMP), nadiifinta magnetorheological (MRF), iyo nadiifinta plasma-assisted polishing (PAP) ayaa qaybaha dhoobada ku keenaya xilligii saxnaanta heerka nanometer-ka. Tusaale ahaan, substrate-ka kuleylka aluminium nitride, iyada oo loo marayo CMP oo lagu daray hababka PAP, waxay gaareen heerarka qallafsanaanta dusha sare ee ka hooseeya 2nm, taas oo muhiimad weyn u leh warshadaha semiconductor-ka.
Rajooyinka Codsiga: Laga bilaabo Chips ilaa Daryeelka Caafimaadka
Horumarradan tignoolajiyadeed si degdeg ah ayaa loogu beddelayaa codsiyada warshadaha. Soosaarayaasha Semiconductor-ka ayaa adeegsanaya qalabka mashiinka adkeysiga sare leh iyo nidaamyada magdhowga khaladaadka kulaylka si loo hubiyo xasilloonida waferada dhoobada waaweyn. Goobta bayoolajiga, dusha sare ee qaloocan ee qalabka lagu tallaalo zirconia waxaa lagu farsameeyaa saxnaan sare iyada oo loo marayo dhalaalinta magnetorheological. Marka lagu daro hababka laysarka iyo dahaarka, tani waxay sii xoojinaysaa iswaafajinta noolaha iyo cimri dhererka.
Isbeddellada Mustaqbalka: Wax-soo-saarka Caqliga leh iyo Cagaaran
Marka la eego mustaqbalka, farsamaynta saxda ah ee dhoobada ayaa noqon doonta mid aad u caqli badan oo deegaanka u fiican. Dhinac, sirdoonka macmalka ah iyo mataanaha dijitaalka ah ayaa lagu darayaa hababka wax soo saarka, taasoo suurtogalinaysa hagaajinta waqtiga dhabta ah ee waddooyinka qalabka, hababka qaboojinta, iyo xuduudaha mishiinka. Dhanka kale, naqshadeynta dhoobada ee heerka iyo dib u warshadaynta qashinka ayaa noqonaya meelaha ugu badan ee cilmi-baarista, taasoo bixinaysa habab cusub oo loogu talagalay wax soo saarka cagaaran.
Gunaanad
Waa la saadaalin karaa in farsamaynta saxda ah ee dhoobada ay sii wadi doonto inay u gudubto "saxnaanta nano, waxyeellada yar, iyo xakamaynta caqliga leh." Warshadaha wax soo saarka adduunka, tani ma aha oo kaliya horumar ku yimid farsamaynta agabka laakiin sidoo kale waa tilmaame muhiim ah oo ku saabsan tartanka mustaqbalka ee warshadaha heerka sare ah. Iyada oo qayb muhiim ah ka ah wax soo saarka horumarsan, horumarka cusub ee farsamaynta dhoobada ayaa si toos ah u kicin doona warshadaha sida hawada sare, semiconductors, iyo biomedicine meel sare.
Waqtiga boostada: Sebteembar-23-2025