Silsiladda saxda ah ee wax soo saarka semiconductor-ka, nidaamka wareejinta wafer-ku wuxuu la mid yahay "xariijinta nolosha ee khadka wax soo saarka chip-ka", xasilloonidiisa iyo saxnaantiisuna waxay si toos ah u go'aamiyaan heerka wax soo saarka ee chips-ka. Jiilka cusub ee nidaamyada wareejinta wafer-ku waxay si kacaan ah isugu daraan matoorada toosan iyo saldhigyada granite-ka, faa'iidooyinka gaarka ah ee walxaha granite-kana waa furaha aasaasiga ah si loo furo gudbinta waxqabadka sare leh.
Saldhigga Granite: Dhisidda "aasaas adag oo dhagax ah" si loogu gudbiyo xaalad deggan
Granite, oo soo martay boqolaal milyan oo sano oo sifeyn juqraafi ah, waxay leedahay macdan gudaha ah oo cufan oo isku mid ah. Astaantan dabiiciga ah waxay ka dhigaysaa agab saldhig oo ku habboon nidaamyada wareejinta waferka. Deegaanka adag ee qolalka nadiifka ah ee semiconductor-ka, granite, oo leh isku-darka aadka u hooseeya ee ballaarinta kulaylka (kaliya 5-7 × 10⁻⁶/℃), waxay iska caabin kartaa kulaylka ka dhasha hawlgalka qalabka iyo saameynta isbeddellada heerkulka deegaanka, iyadoo hubinaysa xasilloonida cabbirka saldhigga iyo ka fogaanshaha leexashada waddada gudbinta ee ay keento isbeddelka kulaylka. Waxqabadkeeda yaraynta gariirka ee heerka sare ah wuxuu si dhakhso ah u nuugi karaa gariirka farsamada ee ka dhasha bilowga, xidhitaanka iyo dardargelinta matoorada toosan, iyo sidoo kale faragelinta dibadda ee ay keento hawlgalka qalabka kale ee aqoon-is-weydaarsiga, iyadoo bixinaysa goob deggan oo leh "rux eber" oo loogu talagalay gudbinta waferka.
Dhanka kale, xasilloonida kiimikada ee granite waxay hubineysaa inaysan mirqin ama miridhku ka dhicin goobaha semiconductor-ka halkaas oo walxaha aashitada iyo alkali ay yihiin kuwo isbeddelaya oo loo baahan yahay nadiifin sare, sidaas darteedna laga fogaanayo saameynta saxnaanta gudbinta sababtoo ah gabowga walxaha ama nuugista wasakhda. Astaamaha dusha sare ee siman oo cufan ayaa si wax ku ool ah u yareyn kara isku-xidhka boodhka, iyadoo la buuxinayo heerarka adag ee aan boodhka lahayn ee qolalka nadiifka ah iyo baabi'inta khatarta wasakhda wafer ee xididka.
Saamaynta "iskaashiga dahabka ah" ee matoorrada toosan iyo granite
Matoorada toosan, oo leh astaamo aan lahayn meel bannaan oo gudbinta farsamada ah, dardargelin sare iyo xawaare jawaab celin sare leh, gudbinta wafer ee la heli karo oo leh faa'iidooyinka "dhakhso badan, sax ah oo deggan". Saldhigga granite-ka wuxuu bixiyaa goob taageero oo adag oo lagu kalsoonaan karo. Labaduba waxay si wada jir ah u shaqeeyaan si ay u gaaraan boodbood waxqabad. Marka matoorka toosan uu wado side-ka wafer-ka si uu ugu shaqeeyo wadada saldhigga granite-ka, adkaanta xooggan iyo xasilloonida saldhigga waxay hubinayaan gudbinta hufan ee xoogga wadista matoorka, iyadoo laga fogaanayo luminta xoogga ama dib u dhaca gudbinta ee ay keento isbeddelka saldhigga.
Iyada oo ay ku xiran tahay baahida loo qabo saxnaanta nanoscale, matoorrada toosan waxay gaari karaan xakamaynta barokaca heerka hoose ee micron. Astaamaha habaynta saxda ah ee saldhigyada granite (oo leh khaladaadka fidsan ee lagu xakameeyo gudaha ±1μm) si fiican ayay ula jaanqaadaan xakamaynta saxda ah ee matoorrada toosan, iyagoo si wadajir ah u hubinaya in qaladka booska inta lagu jiro gudbinta wafer uu ka yar yahay ±5μm. Hadday tahay baabuurka xawaaraha sare leh ee u dhexeeya qalabka kala duwan ee habka ama baarkin sax ah oo loogu talagalay wareejinta wafer, isku-darka matoorrada toosan iyo saldhigyada granite waxay hubin karaan "leexasho eber ah iyo eber gariir" ee gudbinta wafer.
Xaqiijinta dhaqanka warshadaha: Horumar labanlaab ah oo ku saabsan hufnaanta iyo heerka wax soo saarka
Ka dib markii la casriyeeyay nidaamkeeda wareejinta wafer-ka, shirkad hormuud u ah semiconductor-ka caalamiga ah ayaa qaadatay xal saldhig ah oo matoor toosan + granite ah, kaas oo kordhiyay hufnaanta wareejinta wafer-ka 40%, hoos u dhigay heerka dhacdooyinka cilladaha sida isku dhaca iyo ka-goynta inta lagu jiro habka wareejinta 85%, isla markaana hagaajiyay heerka wax-soo-saarka guud ee jajabyada 6%. Xogta waxaa ka dambeeya dammaanadda xasilloonida gudbinta ee ay bixiso saldhigga granite-ka iyo saameynta isku-dhafka xawaaraha sare iyo saxda ah ee matoorka toosan, taas oo si weyn u yareysa khasaaraha iyo khaladka ku jira habka gudbinta wafer-ka.
Laga bilaabo sifooyinka agabka ilaa wax soo saarka saxda ah, laga bilaabo faa'iidooyinka waxqabadka ilaa xaqiijinta wax ku oolka ah, isku-darka matoorrada toosan iyo saldhigyada granite-ka ayaa dib u qeexay heerarka nidaamyada wareejinta wafer-ka. Mustaqbalka marka tignoolajiyada semiconductor-ka ay u gudubto hababka 3nm iyo 2nm, walxaha granite-ka ayaa hubaal ah inay sii wadi doonaan inay ku shubaan dhiirigelin xooggan horumarka warshadaha iyagoo leh faa'iidooyinkooda aan la beddeli karin.
Waqtiga boostada: Maajo-14-2025